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UPSC GS-III · 15 marks · 250 words

India's logistics costs remain among the highest in the world. Evaluate how far the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan addresses the structural causes.

भारत की लॉजिस्टिक्स लागत विश्व में सर्वाधिक में से एक बनी हुई है। पीएम गति शक्ति राष्ट्रीय मास्टर प्लान संरचनात्मक कारणों का कहाँ तक समाधान करता है, मूल्यांकन कीजिए।

What “Evaluate” demands

judge worth against stated criteria and reach a verdict, saying what the criteria are.

The characteristic failure: listing merits and demerits without ever weighing them or concluding.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Logistics cost ~13-14% of GDP vs ~8% in developed economies; NCAER 2023 re-estimate ~7.8-8.9%
  • PM Gati Shakti (2021): GIS-based multimodal planning across 16 ministries
  • National Logistics Policy 2022 — ULIP, Ease of Logistics (E-LogS)
  • Structural causes: modal mix skewed to road (~65%), fragmented warehousing, cargo dwell times
  • LEADS index and Logistics Performance Index (World Bank 2023: India 38th) as evidence of movement

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