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UPSC 2024 GS-III · 15 marks · 250 words

What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also mention the global targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030).

आपदा प्रत्यास्थता क्या है? इसका निर्धारण कैसे होता है? प्रत्यास्थता ढाँचे के विभिन्न तत्वों का वर्णन कीजिए। आपदा जोखिम न्यूनीकरण हेतु सेंदाई फ्रेमवर्क (2015-2030) के वैश्विक लक्ष्यों का भी उल्लेख कीजिए।

What “Describe” demands

give an accurate, well-organised account of the features or the sequence.

The characteristic failure: thin coverage, or opinion where none was asked for.

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These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Definition: capacity to anticipate, absorb, adapt and recover — UNDRR framing; resilience = f(exposure, vulnerability, capacity)
  • Determinants: risk assessment, institutional capacity (NDMA-SDMA chain), social capital, infrastructure redundancy, financial buffers (risk pools, CDRI)
  • Framework elements: prevention-mitigation-preparedness-response-recovery cycle; build-back-better; early-warning systems (India's cyclone record: Phailin vs 1999 Odisha)
  • Sendai's 7 global targets: reduce mortality, affected people, economic loss, infrastructure damage; increase national strategies, international cooperation, EW coverage — name at least four explicitly
  • India instruments: PM's 10-point agenda on DRR, 15th FC's mitigation funds (NDMF/SDMF), CDRI and 'Infrastructure for Resilient Island States'

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