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UPSC 2024 GS-III · 10 marks · 150 words

What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborate.

देश के कुछ भागों में भूमि सुधारों के सफल क्रियान्वयन के लिए कौन-से कारक उत्तरदायी थे? विस्तारपूर्वक समझाइए।

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  • Political will + stable committed leadership: WB's Operation Barga (1978-), Kerala's 1969 Act — the two canonical successes
  • Peasant mobilisation and party-organisation depth (Kisan Sabhas) as the enforcement muscle
  • Administrative design: updated land records, tenancy registration drives, ceiling-surplus redistribution actually pursued
  • Contrast factor: where absent (Bihar) — benami transfers, malafide exemptions; J&K's Big Landed Estates Abolition as the under-cited success

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