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UPSC 2023 GS-III · 15 marks · 250 words

Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and the efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the 'No Money for Terror (NMFT)' Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022.

What “Discuss” demands

present several distinct facets of the issue and connect them into an argument, giving the competing views real weight rather than one line each.

The characteristic failure: a list of points with no argument running through them.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Sources: FICN, hawala, drug routes (Golden Crescent link), extortion in LWE belts, NGO/charity misuse, crypto and darknet transfers
  • Curtailment: UAPA 1967 amendments (individual designation, 2019), NIA's terror-funding cases, FATF compliance (grey-list leverage on Pakistan), PMLA-FIU chain, demonetisation's stated FICN aim
  • NMFT New Delhi 2022: ~93 countries; aims — no funds, no channel, no safe haven; emerging-tech financing (VDAs, crowdfunding) on the agenda; institutionalising a permanent secretariat proposal
  • Balance: civil-liberty critique of UAPA's low conviction rate belongs in a top answer

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