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UPSC 2022 GS-III · 10 marks · 150 words

Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India.

What “Examine” demands

investigate the issue closely — how it arose, how it works, what it achieves and where it falls short — looking at both sides.

The characteristic failure: description of what the thing is, with no probing of how well it works.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Why PPP: fiscal limits against ~₹111 lakh cr NIP needs, private efficiency and lifecycle accountability, risk transfer
  • Stations: Rani Kamalapati (Habibganj) and Gandhinagar as delivered exemplars; Amrit Bharat scheme's 1,300+ stations; land-value capture through air rights
  • Model evolution honestly told: pure DBFOT bids failed → EPC-hybrid under Amrit Bharat
  • Risks: revenue optimism, renegotiation moral hazard — Kelkar Committee's rebalancing prescriptions

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