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UPSC 2023 GS-II · 10 marks · 150 words

'Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy.' Comment.

What “Comment” demands

give a considered opinion on the specific proposition, supported by evidence — brevity is expected, evasion is not.

The characteristic failure: a general essay on the topic that never addresses the proposition itself.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Constitutional guarantees: Arts 124-147/214-231 — tenure, salaries from CFI, removal difficulty, Art 50 separation, contempt power
  • Why prerequisite: rights enforcement (Art 32 as 'heart and soul' — Ambedkar), federal umpire, check on majoritarianism (Kesavananda)
  • Live evidence: electoral bonds verdict (2024), Art 370 review, defection timelines — courts against executive interest
  • Balance: independence ≠ unaccountability — collegium opacity, post-retirement appointments as the counter-note

The band thresholds and the pre-scored sample answers behind this standard stay private — they are the calibration your copy is placed against.

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