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UPSC 2024 GS-II · 10 marks · 150 words

Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to 'one nation – one election' principle.

'एक राष्ट्र – एक चुनाव' सिद्धांत के विशेष संदर्भ में विभिन्न समितियों द्वारा सुझाए गए चुनावी सुधारों की आवश्यकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।

What “Examine” demands

investigate the issue closely — how it arose, how it works, what it achieves and where it falls short — looking at both sides.

The characteristic failure: description of what the thing is, with no probing of how well it works.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Committee lineage: Dinesh Goswami (1990), Indrajit Gupta (1998, state funding), Law Commission 170th & 255th Reports, 2nd ARC
  • Kovind Committee (2023-24) — simultaneous elections in two steps; accepted by Cabinet Sept 2024; 129th Amendment Bill introduced Dec 2024
  • Case for ONOE: MCC-induced policy paralysis, cost (~₹60,000 cr estimates), governance continuity
  • Case against: Art 83/172 tenure questions, federal objection of regional parties, mid-term collapse scenario, voter-behaviour homogenisation studies (IDFC)
  • Other reform strands to name: criminalisation (Vohra Committee, ADR data), electoral finance post-electoral-bonds verdict (Feb 2024, SC)

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