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UPSC 2023 GS-I · 10 marks · 150 words

Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?

What “Discuss” demands

present several distinct facets of the issue and connect them into an argument, giving the competing views real weight rather than one line each.

The characteristic failure: a list of points with no argument running through them.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • HDI 134th (2023-24 HDR) vs 5th largest economy — the paradox to anchor
  • Public health spend ~1.9% GDP; education ~2.9% vs 6% Kothari benchmark
  • Jobless growth: services-led growth with low employment elasticity
  • Amartya Sen's capability critique; Kerala/Sri Lanka contrast
  • NFHS-5 evidence: stunting 35.5%, anaemia among women 57%

The band thresholds and the pre-scored sample answers behind this standard stay private — they are the calibration your copy is placed against.

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