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UPSC 2022 GS-I · 10 marks · 150 words

Why did the armies of the British East India Company — mostly comprising of Indian soldiers — win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers? Give reasons.

अधिकांश भारतीय सिपाहियों वाली ईस्ट इंडिया की सेना क्यों तत्कालीन भारतीय शासकों की संख्याबल में अधिक और बेहतर सुसज्जित सेना से लगातार जीतती रही? कारण बताएँ।

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  • Regular pay from Bengal revenues + drilled discipline vs arrears-ridden feudal levies
  • Standardised infantry-artillery coordination, professional officer corps, naval-logistics depth
  • Indian disunity exploited: succession disputes, subsidiary alliances; Plassey as conspiracy before battle
  • Military-fiscal state thesis: the Company was a state extracting to fight, not a trader with troops

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