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UPSC 2022 Essay · 125 marks

The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this topic — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Source: John F. Kennedy, 1962 State of the Union — attribute it
  • Disaster preparedness: Odisha 1999 vs Phailin 2013 as India's cleanest before-and-after; Sendai Framework's prevention-over-response logic
  • Economic-fiscal: counter-cyclical policy, forex reserves as a repaired roof (1991 crisis vs 2013 taper tantrum vs 2020 resilience), fiscal consolidation in good years
  • Public health: COVID exposing under-built systems; health spend ~1.9% of GDP; pandemic-preparedness institutions
  • Environmental: mitigation now against adaptation later — Stern Review's cost asymmetry
  • Personal-institutional: skilling before disruption, savings, succession planning; Aesop's ant and grasshopper as the opening device

The band thresholds and the pre-scored sample answers behind this standard stay private — they are the calibration your copy is placed against.

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