UPSC 2023 Essay · 125 marks
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
What a top answer must contain
These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this topic — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.
- Conceptual distinction to open with: justice as entitlement vs charity as discretion — Rawls's justice as fairness; Amartya Sen's capability approach
- Constitutional: DPSPs as the Indian state's justice project; Art 39, 41; right-based turn — MGNREGA, RTE, NFSA, RTI
- Ambedkar's register: annihilation of caste as justice over philanthropy; contrast with Gandhian trusteeship — the essay's central Indian tension
- Economic evidence: Nordic welfare states' low private philanthropy vs US model; Oxfam inequality data on India
- Where charity still has a place: disasters, gaps in state capacity, the ethics of dāna and zakat — a top essay refuses the false binary
- Philosophical: Nietzsche and Žižek's critique of charity as conscience-laundering; Anand Giridharadas's Winners Take All
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