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UPSC 2021 GS-I · 10 marks · 150 words

Examine the role of 'Gig Economy' in the process of empowerment of women in India.

What “Examine” demands

investigate the issue closely — how it arose, how it works, what it achieves and where it falls short — looking at both sides.

The characteristic failure: description of what the thing is, with no probing of how well it works.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Empowerment case: flexibility around care work, low entry barriers, income autonomy — Urban Company, Meesho's women-seller data
  • Counter-case: algorithmic control minus benefits, safety on mobility platforms, unchanged double burden
  • Policy: Code on Social Security 2020 definitions (dormant), Rajasthan Gig Workers Act 2023, NITI 2022 (~23.5 mn gig workers by 2030)
  • Verdict: income access without social security is participation, not yet empowerment

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