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UPSC 2021 GS-I · 10 marks · 150 words

Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats.

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  • Himalaya: tectonic youth (seismicity), fractured lithology, snow-melt saturation, road-cutting — deep-seated failures
  • Ghats: deep lateritic mantle over hard basement, monsoon cloudbursts, plantation and quarry land-use — shallow debris flows
  • Shared anthropogenic layer distinguished from geological drivers explicitly
  • Named contrasts: Chamoli/Kedarnath vs Malin/Puthumala; a two-column figure earns presentation credit

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