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UPSC 2020 GS-II · 15 marks · 250 words

'Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance.' In this context suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy.

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  • Premise: North's institutions thesis; state capacity as growth infrastructure
  • Diagnosis: tenure instability, generalist-specialist imbalance, risk aversion from investigative overhang, politicisation
  • Reforms: fixed tenures (TSR Subramanian, 2013), lateral entry with safeguards, Mission Karmayogi competencies, 360° appraisal, fair use of FR 56(j)
  • Democracy link explicit: the service as citizens' daily state — 2nd ARC's citizen-centricity

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