UPSC 2022 PSIR · 15 marks · 250 words

India's strategic autonomy in a multipolar world is a continuation of non-alignment by other means. Critically analyse.

What “Critically analyse” demands

break the issue into its components, show how they interact, and judge which matter most and why.

The characteristic failure: analysis without judgement, or judgement without the analysis to support it.

What a top answer must contain

These are the checkable specifics from the marking standard for this question — the actual case, committee, datum or thinker, not an instruction to “give examples”.

  • Lineage: Nehruvian NAM → 'genuine non-alignment' → Nonalignment 2.0 (2012) → multi-alignment/strategic autonomy (Jaishankar's 'The India Way')
  • Evidence of continuity: Ukraine-vote abstentions, RIC + Quad simultaneity, oil purchases despite sanctions pressure
  • Discontinuity: issue-based coalitions, security alignment tilt (LEMOA/COMCASA/BECA), Quad institutionalisation
  • Theoretical framing: hedging vs bandwagoning vs balancing (Walt); C. Raja Mohan's 'crossing the Rubicon' counterview

The band thresholds and the pre-scored sample answers behind this standard stay private — they are the calibration your copy is placed against.

Now write it, and find out what you actually scored

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